Crete tourist guide

The best Polish website dedicated to the Greek island Crete and to a small extent of continental Greece. You will find useful information related to visiting Crete that goes beyond the offer of optional tours. On the website you will also find descriptions of the most interesting places that we visited by visiting this largest Greek island. The content complements the current news, photographs and recipes of Greek cuisine.
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The history of Crete from the classical era to the first years of freedom

[read previous >> History of Crete from Paleolithic to Dark Ages]

The classical and Roman epoch

(480 BC - 395 AD)

The growing importance of Athens causes a drastic reduction in the political and iconic role of Crete. In 67 BC, the island gets into the hands of the Romans, who are beginning to introduce their orders. Gortyna becomes the capital of the Roman province called Crete-Kyrene. The Romans are building infrastructure: roads, aqueducts, temples and theaters. Agriculture and culture are developing. All of Greece at this time becomes a Roman province, although its rich culture begins to influence the achievements of the Romans. In AD 59, an apostle Paul comes to the island, whose companion Titus is appointed the first bishop of Crete. The island stands at the beginning of the Christian era ...




The era of business

(337-826 AD)

In 395, the Roman Empire is divided into the eastern and western parts, which in consequence determines the further affiliation of Crete, which has since then been part of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire of Crete owes numerous churches and the impressive basilica of St. Titus in Gortyna, whose magnificent walls have survived to this day, where you can admire it. The rule of the Romans is interrupted in 826 AD by Arabians who invade the island.

Arab rule

(826-961 AD)

The invasion of the Arabs causes a new wave of unrest which is pushing the island. The new invaders destroy all early Christian buildings and persecute the Christian population. Crete is used by Arabians as a starting point for expeditions in the Aegean Sea. The island has a new fortified capital - Rabd el Chandak - present Heraklion.

Second Byzantine era

(961-1204 AD)

In 961, the Byzantines are asking for Crete again and under the leadership of Nikeforos Fokas, they reflect the island. Crete returns to Christianity, followed by economic and cultural revival manifested in wall paintings and sacred architecture.

Venetian epoch

(1204-1669)

In the fourth crusade, the Crusaders conquered Constantinople, which led to the division of the Byzantine Empire between them. Crete came to the Count de Montferrat, who in the same year sold it to the Venetians. They tried to make Kreta look like a homeland in every respect. On the island, which along with its capital Chandak receives the name Kandia, economic and cultural growth is taking place. On the other hand, the local population, plagued by serfdom and taxes by powerful rulers, repeatedly tried to shake off the yoke many times during numerous uprisings. In 1453, Constantinople falls, from where artists and intellectuals flee to Crete. It contributes to the flourishing of art (above all sacred) and architecture, when magnificent churches, fountains, town halls and fortifications are built. The university in Kandy and the monastery school in Agia Ekaterini become loud. Their fame and reputation goes far beyond the boundaries of Crete. This period in the history of Crete is called the Cretan Renaissance.





Turkish epoch

(1669-1898)

The re-entry into the reign of the Turks, who captured the island after the 21-year siege, causes forced Islamization and huge taxes. This and the arbitrariness of the rulers cause the violent opposition of the Cretans, which again leads to bloody uprisings. In 1770, Greeks proclaim independence after one of them, which does not last long. The next year, the Turks regained control of the island. The Cretans are struggling to join Greece. The problem of Crete reaches the world public consciousness due to the tragedy that took place in Moni Arkadiou monastery. In November 1866, the Turks surrounded the monastery in the strength of 15 thousand. soldiers and 30 guns. A few hundred insurgents and about 700 women and children hid in the monastery. After a few days of siege, the Turks broke through the walls. Women and children who hid in the monastery's dustbin died in the air. In addition to 700 women and children, several hundred Turkish soldiers were killed. To this day the skulls of the fallen are exposed in the monastery, and the place itself is a place of national remembrance and independence for the Cretans. The event has had wide repercussions in Europe and the world and was of great importance for the independence of Crete in 1898.

The first years of independence

(1898-1941)

In 1898, the Sultan's army left the island. A substitute of the parliament with Christian and Muslim deputies was created, and the function of High Commissioner of Crete was entrusted to the Greek Prince George I. Until 1913, the then Crete was divided into four zones of occupation by the powers of France, England, Italy and Russia. In 1908, the Republic of Crete declared independence not recognized however, internationally.

The demands of the Cretans for joining their island to Greece are fulfilled thanks to Eleftherios Venizelos, the Cretan Minister of Justice in the government of George I and the later prime minister of all Greece, when Crete was incorporated into Greece on 30 May 1913. Venizelos is also trying to extend the borders of the Greek state to Asia Minor, which ends with a defeat with Turkey (1919-1922). After the conclusion of the peace of Lausanne in 1923, the population was exchanged. Some of the Greeks from Asia Minor settle in Crete, and the island had to leave about 30 thousand Turks.

It is worth remembering that in that hot political period in 1900, British Sir Arthur Evans began excavation work in Knossos, where he quickly discovers traces of fallen Minoan civilization.

[read more >> Contemporary history of Crete]

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Early on the morning of October 28, 1940, at about 3 o'clock, just after the end of the sumptuous banquet that took place at the German embassy, ​​Emanuele Grazzi went to the house of Joanis Metaksas. The Italian ambassador gave the Greek Prime Minister an ultimatum that contained a number of demands. Among them were the possibility of free passage of Italian troops to the Greek-Albanian border, control over airports, ports and other strategic places located on the territory of Greece.

Events on 25 August in Heraklion

Events on 25 August in Heraklion

The symbolic beginning of the street August 25 marks the former Lion Square with the famous Morosini fountain, its end is defined by the sea and harbor buildings. I do not think there is a nicer pedestrian street in Heraklion. Going down the street, we can see the blue of the sea from a distance and the multitude of various pubs invites to take a break in sightseeing. But have you ever wondered if you walk this beautifully landscaped street, where did its name come from? What actually happened that day in 1898, that one of the main streets of the city of Hercules was named this date? Street on August 25 in Heraklion

Contemporary history of Crete

Contemporary history of Crete

On October 6, 1908, the Republic of Crete declared independence. May 30, 1913 was included in Greece. In 1941, during the Second World War, the island was a scene of a fierce battle between the German paratroopers and the Allied troops defending it.

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Najnowsze komentarze:

 Piekna wyspa szkoda by bylo stracic cos tak pieknego
Christian Arnidis - Moja Grecja  Szczerze to bym się zdziwił gdyby na Santorini nie bylo trzęsień ziemi . Wyspa leży na tzw łuku wulkanicznym jaki się może wytworzyć kilkadziesiąt lub kilkaset kilometrów za linią subdukcji czyli obszarem gdzie jedna płyta tektoniczna się wciska pod drugą . To działa tak że najsilniejsze wstrząsy są w obszarze subdukcji , słabsze na łuku wulkanicznym . Kilkadziesiąt lub kilkaset metrów za . (...)
gość PiotrWie  My na szczęście na razie jedziemy na Gran Canarię, na Cyklady dopiero 10 kwietnia, mam nadzieję że do tego czasu się uspokoi bo mamy w planach między innymi Amorgos.
 kiedyś ten świat musi się skończyć …
 Wartość 7700, to jakaś gruba kaczka dziennikarska. Uniwersytet Ateński raportuje niecałe 1200 zdarzeń od 26.01.2025, EuroMediterranean Seismological Centre z kolei prezentuje dane o 1375 zdarzeniach. W tym 137 powyżej 4 magnitudo i 4 powyżej 5 magnitudo. Nie zmienia to faktu, że skala zjawiska jest gigantyczna i wielu specjalistów ostrzega, że może to być wstęp do zjawiska o większej skali. Oby się tym razem mylili.
 Oby się Kolumbo nie obudził, wtedy to już będzie pozamiatane
 Trzeba mieć nadzieję, że na tym się zakończy
 Mamy nadzieję że wszystko się skończy dobrze trzęsienia są odczuwane na Krecie
gość dodekanezowiec  Balos/Gramvousa wywarły na mnie największe wrażenie, Falassarna niedoceniana, Elafonissi przeceniana. Ale tak poza tym Kreta nie ma za wiele pięknych plaż.  Cypr, Majorka, Sardynia - tam przy hotelach są od razu piękne plaże.    
gość dodekanezowiec  „Widocznymi i bardziej wymiernymi wyznacznikami tych zmian jest stale powiększająca się baza noclegowa nie tylko w postaci niezliczonych hoteli na północy wyspy i coraz szerszej ofercie południowego wybrzeża” Ale Grecję cenię za to, że nie ma takiego przegięcia jak w Hiszpanii (50-piętrowy hotel w Benidorm mówi wszystko), ani takiego niedorozwoju (uzasadnione słowo, należy im się) jak we włoskiej Kalabrii. (...)

Ciekawe miejsca na Krecie

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